The Evolution of Advertising and its Impact in the Modern Day

Advertising has been an essential facet of marketing for as long as there have been human civilization and interaction. It is human nature to â€Å"advertise† oneself or to expose certain aspects of ones life that create an image or facade of how that person would prefer to be perceived by their community and peers. Advertising generally involves the promotion – and many times an exaggeration – of the positive aspects and the cloaking of negative attributes related to the particular item in question. The very first form of advertising that took place in humans was the propaganda, otherwise known as intentionally skewed or misleading advertisements to fit an agenda or dogma, that rulers used to promote their image. Rulers, whether it be the†¦show more content†¦The purpose of advertisements are to persuade the recipient of the ideas embodied by the author of said advertisement. This can be accomplished by one of three rhetorical devices or a combination thereof, either Logos, Pathos or Ethos. Each of these devices is used to appeal to logic, emotion, or credibility respectively. In a widely consumerist culture, the tool wielded in the creation of advertisements is predominately Pathos. Consumerist culture implies over consumption and, as such, an accumulation of things that are simply unnecessary. In order to persuade an individual to continue to consume unnecessarily, their emotions must be targeted because logically it doesnt make sense and the only ones that may be c onsidered credible on the subject of consumerism are in positions to benefit from additional consumption. Utilizing Pathos in this sense could mean selling â€Å"status† or â€Å"comfort† or â€Å"love† or any other of the myriad of human emotions. Status could mean a new car when you already have two in the driveway. Comfort could mean the extra kitchen utensil that is designed for one very particular purpose and gets used once every few months. Love could be a diamond that is artificially high in value and is being wasted for aesthetic purposes – the cause for its artificially high value. The ultimate goal in advertising is that people remember a product or brand name well after witnessing or hearing an advertisement. This is important so that potentialShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Advertising : The Magic System1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Advertising Last year, the U.S spent over 180 billion dollars on advertising, with digital ad content the fastest growing category within the market. Facebook and other social media platforms are quickly pioneering new fangled ways to cater to the digital generation and entice the material desires of their users. 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Introduction The modern day business agents function in a highly dynamic and competitive market place, in which the rapid pace of development is set by the technological community. Throughout the past recent decades, the field of technology has evolved in such a rapid manner that it has come to impact virtually all aspects of life. Within the business sector, the evolution of technology has manifested in multiple manners, which have created bothRead MoreThe Modernism Movement Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesdesign, architecture, literature, etc. During the early 19th century, Europe was marked by a number of wars and revolutions, it led way and gave birth to different movements including Modernism. Modern day historians conceive, that the movement played an integral role and had a big impact in shaping the modern society we live in. Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri-Emile-Benoit Matisse were part of the movement embracing abstraction in the medium of painting. 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Mao Zedong`s Dictatorship Free Essays

By all standards, Mao Zedong belongs in the company of the few great political men of our century. Born and raised in the obscurity and restrictions of nineteenth-century rural China, he rose to assume the leadership of the Chinese Revolution, rule the largest population in the world with the most pervasive and intense government known in history, and finally has clung to life long enough to become the last of the political heroes of the great generation of World War II. His life spans the emergence of modern China and his character has shaped the manner and style of the Chinese Revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Mao Zedong`s Dictatorship or any similar topic only for you Order Now His name has become the label for revolutionary extremists throughout the world, â€Å"the Maoists,† yet it is Mao Zedong with whom leaders throughout the world seek audiences. The Pope in one day admits to his presence more people than Mao Zedong grants audiences in a year. When Mao last appeared publicly, more than a million people expressed tumultuous joy, and since then the occasions for allowing a select few into his presence have been newsworthy throughout the world. The announcement that the American Secretary of State has had a couple of hours of discussion with the Chairman is a signal to all that the Secretary has been favored, indeed, honored; and, of course, when a trip to China does not include a visit with the Chairman, the universal interpretation is that favor is being withheld. The extraordinary appeal of Mao Zedong is hard to identify. Some may suggest that it lies less in the man and more in the nature of Chinese society, for the Chinese do seem compelled to make all of their leaders into imperial figures. Yet, the fact remains that many non-Chinese, who have no affinity for his rural origins but represent a host of varied social and personal backgrounds, seem to find inspiration for their political lives in his words and his example. Restless youth scattered throughout the world who have more formal education than he had feel that in his revolutionary ardor and purity he speaks for them. What is the character of the man that lies behind all this greatness? Merely to raise the question is an act of sacrilege for many. For the Chinese and other worshippers of Mao and his thoughts, it is enough to dwell on his public virtues, read only hagiographies, and reject all else as being in bad taste. For his detractors, the whole spectacle is revolting, and Mao the man must be the devil behind the Chinese version of socialist totalitarianism. Yet between these extremes there are those who are honestly curious. The public record reveals a man at home in rural China, a man of the peasantry, who knows the myths and folklore of traditional China. Yet, although he received a Confucian education, Mao was also part of the first full generation of Chinese to explore Western knowledge. From his rural isolation, he moved effectively into the chaotic, competitive world of Chinese student politics and revolutionary scheming. As soldier, ideologist, and planner, he became the symbolic leader of the Chinese Communist guerrilla struggle. As victorious ruler he was a visionary who looked beyond immediate problems of administration to the goals of a new society and to the molding of a new form of man. The paradox of Mao Zedong is that while his claim to greatness is unassailable, in every specific sphere whether as philosopher, strategist, economic planner, ideologue or even world statesman, his qualities are not the match of his right to greatness. Since Mao’s greatness lies so clearly in the realm of emotions, the problem of Mao Zedong is a problem in political psychology. To treat Mao merely as an intellectual or as a calculating strategist is to miss the essential dimensions of his historic role. Furthermore, if we are to understand how Mao came to be so successful in mobilizing the feelings of the Chinese, and of others, we must explore his own emotional world and discover the dynamics of his psychic relations with others. As an individual, Mao is intrinsically fascinating. His acts and his words are startling and unexpected. In his conversations he will bring up the most unlikely subjects: Why are some Africans more dark-skinned than others? Have not all the advances in medical science only increased the number of diseases? The Chinese people have always known Marxism because they have always appreciated contradictions. A dedicated materialist, Mao can suddenly speak as a conventional believer in the hereafter: â€Å"I shall soon be seeing God† (Cheek 124). â€Å"When we see God, or rather Karl Marx, we will have to explain much† (Cheek 115).   At times he has depicted himself as an outstanding hero of Chinese history: â€Å"Yes, we are greater than Ch’in Shih Huang-ti† (Cheek 79). â€Å"We must look to the present to find our heroes† (Cheek 80). Intrinsic fascination aside, Mao’s character demands serious analysis because there is much in the history of modern China that cannot be explained except in terms of Mao Zedong’s personality. In the fluid circumstances of the Chinese Revolution, time and again events and processes took on decisive form in direct response to the personality of Mao Zedong. In stable societies with solid institutions the scope for the influence of personality considerations is constrained to the narrow limits of how different individuals may perform established roles. In the case of Mao Zedong there was no defined role for him to fill; rather his own personality created his own roles and thereby shaped Chinese history. When the story of modern China is systematically related to the activities of Mao, a key element of Mao’s genius is immediately highlighted: his remarkable capacity to perform different, and even quite contradictory, roles at different times. As Mao took on the roles of peasant organizer, military commander, ideological spokesman, political strategist, and ruling statesman, he also vacillated between such contradictory public persona as fiery revolutionary and wise philosopher; dynamic activist and isolated recluse; preacher of the sovereign powers of the human will and patient planner who knows that history cannot be rushed. In a very strange manner Mao Zedong has been able to communicate a sense of the integrity of the human spirit precisely because he has defied logic and spoken for exactly opposite points of view. He has praised books (indeed sanctified the presumed magic of his own â€Å"Little Red Book†) and he has denounced bookish knowledge–â€Å"Reading books only makes myopic children† (Cheek 117). He has equally extolled and denounced violence. He has championed reason and also scorned the paralyzing impulses of reasonableness. His intellectual integrity is as unassailable as folk wisdom, with its appropriate sayings for every option. Mao’s revolutionary ideas, like those of his intellectual compatriots elsewhere, drew inspiration from both experience (observing and doing) and intellectual exercise. They were a response to the genuine plight of large numbers of poor, illiterate, and exploited people, although they were also the result of profound romanticization and sometimes willful ignorance of who and what the people really were. They reflected a strong inclination to distrust complex patterns of administration and governance — in a word, bureaucracy-because these only served the interests of ruling elites; and they relied upon popular enthusiasm and passion as substitutes for technical expertise and intellectual sophistication, and too frequently as a means for mobilizing (and manipulating) the masses. Moreover, they displayed an inconsistency born of a human inability to divorce oneself completely from one’s cultural environment, with its heavy baggage of traditions, habits, and customs. Thus, rebellion against the decrepit and defeatist past of China was accompanied by appeals — sometimes disguised, sometimes not — to the social virtues, modes of discourse, and general spirit of that same past. If from a classical Marxist standpoint Lenin was wrong to represent Russia as an appropriate site for a Marxist revolution, Mao erred in proclaiming the same for China despite his disingenuous contention in 1942 that â€Å"Marxism-Leninism has no beauty, no mystical value; it is simply very useful† (Cheek 127). Much evidence existed, of course, to sustain an argument that China needed fundamental changes in its economic, social, and political order. Chinese had been debating this for many decades. It was also clear that foreign powers had an enormous impact on China’s development, fostering it in some ways, but distorting and exploiting it in others. Mao’s writings reveal that he understood quite well that his country’s vulnerability to external aggression resulted largely from internal weaknesses, and that this relationship lay at the heart of his analysis and his demand for revolution. The doctrine of the mass line did not develop in isolation but reflected what was arguably the most fundamental of Mao’s attitudes: voluntarism. Like Lenin, whose successes must have been instrumental in showing Mao the value of seizing the moment, Mao was a committed voluntarist — a believer in the ability of human will to overcome virtually any obstacle, despite the essential irrelevancy of human motivation to Marx’s revolutionary theory. By seeking to foster revolution in places unsuitable theoretically for such a process, both Lenin and Mao had to relinquish Marxist principle and emphatic determinism (the revolution will follow under the right, organically evolved, socioeconomic conditions) in favor of willful action (the revolution will occur under whatever conditions we can take advantage of). For the sake of possibly seeing the revolution transpire in their own lifetimes, they had to impose their own wills on circumstances and equate volition with accomplishment. Marxism’s attraction was, thus, also its weakness. The theory was supposed to ensure that revolution would occur, but it never promised that it would occur to suit the timetables of revolutionaries. For tremendously egotistical men like Lenin and Mao, Marxist determinism had to be balanced by a voluntarist spirit, men and women had to help make the revolution by whatever means they could be sold on, and time had to be made an ally and not an enemy. The succession to Mao Zedong will in time   worked out, and China has new leaders. Regardless of whatever private feelings they may have about Mao, they acknowledged his greatness in the making of modern China. As all great men in history he will be honored, especially by those who will seek the magic of his greatness to insure the legitimacy of their authority. Thus it is likely that as time goes by the public Mao became increasingly shrouded in myth, and it   became even more difficult to penetrate to the domain of the private man where must lie the secrets of his greatness. Just possibly, however, history may take a slightly different turn, and, as unlikely as it may seem now, there may be revelations of more facts about the life of Mao Zedong making it possible to evaluate better our interpretation of his greatness. Mao Zedong’s place in Chinese history is, however, secure, and his successors, whoever they may be, will be of quite different character. Mao’s belonged to the era of China’s response to the modern world: He wanted China to change, to become strong and powerful in the eyes of all the world; yet he also wanted China to be true to itself. He was a leader out of rural China, educated in a provincial setting, and unacquainted with any foreign language. His distrust of cities refiected in part that be was not at home with the more cosmopolitan generation of Chinese who went further in exploring foreign ways than he was ever ready to do. Works Cited Cheek, Timothy. Mao Zedong and China’s Revolutions: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedfort, 2002. How to cite Mao Zedong`s Dictatorship, Essay examples

Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index. Answer: Introduction: This paper examines about the ease of doing business index (EODB). World Bank developed this index to measure the regulations affecting the businesses. High-ranking countries in the EODB index signifies that the environment is more suitable for starting and operating a local organisation (Doing Business in Australia-World Bank Group, 2018). Australia is selected to understand its EODB index and the challenges faced by newly established business organisation. Australia is currently ranked 14 out of 190 countries in the EODB index (Acs, Szerb Lloyd, 2017). The EODB index is explained with 10 different topics. The first and most important step of any business organisation is to setup the business, according to the EODB index of Australia the starting of business is very effortless. Dealing with construction business helps to understand the procedures, cost and time requires in building a warehouse, which also includes licenses and permits. In dealing with construction permits Australia ranks 6th in DB ranking. The next topic of EODB index is getting electricity. This topic defines the time and cost requires obtaining permanent electricity supply for an organisation. Australia ranks 47, which is a big issue for a newly established organisation. Registering property explains the time, cost and steps, which is needed to regi ster a property. In this topic, Australias DB rank is 51, which means it is quite tough to register a property in Australia than most of the country. Getting credit is the next topic in EODB index, which explores two different issues bankruptcy laws in lending and the strength of credit reporting systems. Australias DB rank is six in getting credit. Australias strength of protecting minority investors is very poor and ranked in 57. The protecting minority topic explains the strength of the minority or new shareholders against the wrong use of corporate assets by the board of directors. The next topic in the EODB index is paying taxes. In this topic, Australias DB rank is 26, which is comparatively lower. The next topic in EODB index is trading across borders, which explain the cost, and time requires in exporting and importing goods. In trading across borders, Australias DB rank is 95, which shows that Australias logistic system is very time consuming and expensive. Enforcing contra cts measures the cost and time taken to resolve a corporate dispute and the quality of judicial method. In this indicator, Australias DB ranks 3rd, which means the disputes are solved quickly and the quality of judicial system is better than most of the country. The last indicator or topic is resolving insolvency; this explains the cost, time and outcome of bankruptcy proceedings, which involves legal domestic entities. Australias DB rank is 18 in resolving insolvency (Besley, 2015). Challenges in doing business in Australia: Getting electricity: Getting a stable electricity connection is a major issue in doing business in Australia. It takes about 75 days to get a electricity connection in Australia. Construction permits: Australia may rank higher in this topic than most of the country but it is very difficult to get a construction permit, it involves 11 different procedures. Imports and exports: The logistic process in Australia is expensive and time-consuming which severely affects a business organisation (Choudhuri, Ehsan Hakura, 2015). Australia is a country with good environment support for new organisations. The starting of new firm and credit facilities will help the business organisation. However, there are some issues related to getting electricity and logistic process across the borders, which is expected to decrease in the future. References: Acs, Z. J., Szerb, L., Lloyd, A. (2017). The global entrepreneurship and development index. InGlobal Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2017(pp. 29-53). Springer, Cham. Besley, T. (2015). Law, regulation, and the business climate: The nature and influence of the World Bank Doing Business project.Journal of Economic Perspectives,29(3), 99-120. Choudhri, E. U., Hakura, D. S. (2015). The exchange rate pass-through to import and export prices: The role of nominal rigidities and currency choice.Journal of International Money and Finance,51, 1-25. Doing Business in Australia - World Bank Group. (2018).Doingbusiness.org. Retrieved 19 March 2018, from https://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/australia

Play free essay sample

Mobys â€Å"Play† came out in 1999 and is one of the highest grossing CDs of all time. Moby shows off his incredible talents by writing, engineering, mixing and producing all the songs on this CD. He also plays all the instruments: piano, guitar, flute and drum. From top to bottom, each song is very good with catchy beats and an overall relaxing tone. Even though Moby has refused to make a techno CD, several songs (â€Å"Honey,† â€Å"Find My Baby,† â€Å"Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad† and â€Å"Bodyrock†) fall under the heading of techno. The most popular song here is â€Å"South Side,† featuring Gwen Stefani. They form a good team for a great song. â€Å"Porcelain,† â€Å"Everloving† and â€Å"My Weakness† are beautiful songs that are soothing to the mind and soul. If you want relaxing songs, these are the way to go. â€Å"Run On† continues the variety of the CD, producing a jazzy 1950s sound. We will write a custom essay sample on Play or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This CD has everything! There is no swearing or negative lyrics on â€Å"Play† so it has broad appeal. This is a must-buy for anyone who likes good music. Go out there and spend the 15 bucks for â€Å"Play.† You wont be disappointed.

Lightning And Static Essays - Electricity, Electrostatics

Lightning And Static Essays - Electricity, Electrostatics Lightning And Static Lightning is a discharge of static electricity in the atmosphere, which causes a bright flash of light. When lighting goes through the air, it heats the air to degrees hotter than the sun's surface about 50,000 degrees fahrenheit. This heating causes the air to expand and contract. This causes the sound called thunder. Lightning is caused by a build up of negative ions in the atmosphere which discharges into the ground causing the negative ions to go with the positive ions in the ground. Static electricity is negatively and positively charged atoms. A static charge on the other hand is a individual atom with a negative or positive charge. There are three types of charges negative positive and neutral. Negative and positive ions attract. But two negatives repel each other, just like two positives will. Neutrally charged ions can attract to both negative and positive ions, because they have and balanced charge of negative and positive ions, this means it has the same amount of negative and positive ions. This is where the following rule is true opposites attract, and likes repel. Static electricity is generated when two different objects are rubbed together and some electrons are stolen from one object and then start to collect on the surface of the other object. The object that loses electrons becomes positively charged, because electrons are negatively charged and there is an absence of electrons and too many protons. Now because opposites attract and like repel the reason hair stands up when you rub something on it can be explained. When something is rubbed in a dry place, the thing takes electrons from your hair, leaving your hair with a positive charge it stands up as far away as possible from the other positively charged hairs. There reason there is little static electricity in areas with a high humidity, like the Virgin Islands, is because the humidity in the air is a conductor of electricity, so it helps trancfer the free electrons to an area that can accept electrons, like the earth so not many free electrons stay on any object that is saturated. Static electricity can be use to do many things, one of these things is keeping down air pollution by putting an electrode in factory smoke stacks so that the dust will collect on the electrode. Lightning and static can be hazardous. lightning is harmful, some people think it does not have any threat from a distance, like when a lighting storm is up to ten miles away. The most lightning strikes take place under the lightning storm where the rain is raining the hardest. Signs to tell if lightning is going to strike in your area are, If your hair stands up you hear static popping or crackling, and if you feel you body tingle due to ions moving through your body the static on portable electronic things increases suddenly, you smell the smell of statically charged air, or you see static sparks sparking in the air around you. Things to do inside to keep from getting hurt while in a lightning storm are, get away from doorways outside, porches, windows, and good conductors of electricity. Avoid phones that are not cordless and if it is a cordless phone avoid it if it is on the cradle. Do not touch things that use electricity unless they are unplugged. Do not stand near or lay on concrete walls. Do not use a metal building for shelter. And don't go into the basement because the electricity can travel through the ground. To not get hurt outside, go inside if you hear thunder, if the sky looks threatening, and stay inside for at least 30 minutes after the la st sound of thunder. If you are caught outside and do not have shelter close to you during a lightning storm, you should crouch to the ground, get onto the balls of your feet, put your hands on your knees, put your head between your knees, make yourself as small as you can, and try to have as little physical contact to the ground as you can. Static electricity has been known about for some time. Some time around the year 600BC the Greek Mathematician

A Complete Guide to 2019 Interview Questions

A Complete Guide to 2019 Interview Questions The hardest part of preparing for an interview is the unknown factor. Although you can make assumptions about what you’ll be asked, you never know for sure until you’re there on the hot seat. Sure, you’ll be asked about your jobs, your skills, and your experience- but there are lots of different ways any given interviewer can go. While it is impossible to predict with 100% accuracy what might be thrown your way, you can do your best to prepare for the different scenarios you might see on interview day. The most asked interview questionLet’s start with THE interview question. The alpha. Without a doubt, the most  asked  interview question in existence is â€Å"Tell me about yourself.† It’s an easy ice-breaker, and it lets the interviewer start to get a sense of what you’re like as a candidate.Here’s how you can answer it:Tell Me About YourselfYour Elevator PitchThis  will most likely be the first question you’re aske d in any job interview, so it’s absolutely imperative you have your response ready to go.Interview questions measuring personalityUnlike the classic â€Å"Tell me about yourself,† questions measuring personality are a lot more uncommon, subtle, and complex. These are generally questions the employer has tailored to measure your personality and how  it would translate to the responsibilities of  their open position.Here are some examples:Ethical Interview QuestionsBehavioral Interview QuestionsHypothetical Interview QuestionsBrainteaser Interview QuestionsSituational Interview QuestionsProblem Solving QuestionsThese questions can be tricky because it’s not often clear what kind of answer the employer wants to hear. A person hiring someone for an accounting position may consider someone with an introverted personality a better fit for the job than someone who parties it up every Saturday, and vice versa.Interview questions you’re not expectingIt’ s less likely that you’ll be asked any of these interview questions, but as you can never be sure of anything in the interview game.  It’s always a good idea to prepare:Interview Questions You’re Not ExpectingRemember, these questions exist, which means they were all asked at one point or another. Don’t be the interviewee  that gets caught like a deer in headlights when faced with a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"gotcha† question.Here are some additional questions that you might not be expecting:â€Å"How would you fire someone?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What’s your idea of the perfect day?â€Å"â€Å"You’re driving down a dark road, during a wild storm. You drive past a bench†¦.â€Å"The â€Å"biggest challenge† interview questionIf the interviewer does ask you a question like, â€Å"What’s the most difficult part of being a [current job title]?† or â€Å"What was the toughest part of your last job?† here are ways you can frame your struggles  to make yourself look awesome:The Biggest Challenge Interview QuestionsQuestions relating to salaryThe job application process has a number of separate stages: applying, interviewing, job offer, then salary negotiation and acceptance. Most employers stick to this, and let the money talk wait until things are further along. But if they jump the gun and ask you up front for a) your current salary or b) desired salary, what do you do?Interview Questions Relating to SalaryInterview Questions About Your Current SalaryQuestions about salary are important to keep in mind. More and more states are passing legislation about what potential employers can and can’t ask you about your salary history, so make sure you know what your state’s current policies are, before you hand over that information to an interviewer.Illegal interview questionsOut of ignorance or slyness, an interviewer might try to get information out of you that the company is not allowed to fac tor into their hiring decisions. However, you’re not obligated to answer them- and in fact you shouldn’t.  Your battle plan should be to figure out why they’re asking (whether it has direct consequences for the job itself), and to decide whether you should answer.Illegal Interview Questions11 Unethical Interview Questions You Don’t Need to AnswerRed Flag QuestionsSome of the hardest questions you’ll encounter might be illegal, so it’s important to know what the danger zone questions are, and why you don’t need to answer them. And if there’s an out-of-bounds question being asked, don’t panic. Just say you don’t feel comfortable answering it, and deftly steer the topic to something else you’d like to share about yourself.The hardest types of questionsWhen you’re in the hot seat, all questions thrown your way seem tough. Some, though, are harder than others, like the ones below. Remember: your intervi ewer not only wants to get a good sense of what you will answer, but also how you handle the pressure. Stay cool and take a breath, even when you’re struggling to come up with an answer. Study these questions and prep yourself for whatever might come your way.Tough Interview Questions That Are Very CommonThe Hardest Interview Questions of 2016The 10 Toughest Interview QuestionsHow to Answer the Toughest Interview Questions9 Super-Tricky Job Interview Questions and How to Answer ThemWild card questionsAnd finally, here are some additional questions that did not fall into any particular category, but are very important to prep for:â€Å"Can I contact your current employer?â€Å"â€Å"Why have you had so many jobs?â€Å"â€Å"Aren’t you overqualified for this position?â€Å"â€Å"Why Should I Hire You?â€Å"What you should ask themAnd just when you think you’re done prepping for every possible question you can get in an interview, there’s still more work to be done: you need to prep the questions you’re going to ask too. You should always, always have questions for your interviewer.4 Questions to Ask at the End of an InterviewAsk These 10 Interview Questions to Impress Your Hiring ManagerThe Most Important Question You Need to Ask in an InterviewNow that you’re prepared for what you’ll need to say and ask on interview day, don’t forget to dust off your lucky interview outfit and brush up on that body language as well. Good luck, and happy interviewing!

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Civil War - Essay Example law was put forward as a measure to placate the South which was upset over the increasing number of free states and anti-slavery sentiments penetrating the government. The law enforced fines on all law personnel who did not arrest a run slave. Prior to this act, the fugitive slave act of 1793 was in action which demanded the return of run-away slaves from the free states. In other words, it was asking the North which termed slavery illegal to abide by the slavery laws of the South. This was in direct contrast with the Northern sentiments. In many states like Massachusetts that had abolished slavery during the eighteenth century, the idea of returning slaves was met with great resistance. The law was not only dangerous for the run-away slaves but also for the free blacks, people who were born and raised in the Free states. The law could easily be misused and these people could then be shipped to the South having been unjustly termed as run-away slaves. The law was not acceptable to the North as it was asking them to become part of enforcing slavery throughout the country. The intention of this law was exacerbate the ensuing tension between the North and the South, however it further increased the divide. The law gave rise to many abolitionist leader like Frederick Douglas who raised their voice actively against the discrimination. The fugitive slave act was soon followed by the Kansas Nebraska act in the 1854 which further increased the divide. The ultimate blow was however dealt during the Kansas killings when proslavery as well as antislavery supporters flooded from the North as well as the South to cast their votes. The ultimate result of all the chaos and bloodshed was the civil war itself which decided once and for all the fate of slavery in the country. The Civil War can undoubtedly be called as one of the most influential events in American history whose effects helped shape the American nation. It is important to study the causes of an event which is of

Career Action Plan PartB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Career Action Plan PartB - Assignment Example A marketability analysis is also included in this particular study for outlining my marketable skills. These identified skills would be compared with wide array of attributes in context of professional industry. There are appropriate analytical techniques incorporated to judge current position of an individual and what others skills are essential so as to secure a strong position in career path. In this study two kinds of attributes are majorly highlighted, one that is already being possessed and other is what is needed to be improved. Ideal situation will be well analyzed by implementing an effective tool known as SWOT analysis. This form of analysis shall encompass both current and ideal situation which is required for designing the best career action plan. Apart from identifying internal strengths and weaknesses and outlining external threats and opportunities, focus will also be on goal setting. In the entire process two forms of goals will be determined like long term and short term goals. At the end of this study, some steps would be discussed for achieving success in career path. Career goals can be explored only when desirable qualities are present within an individual. Career Action Plan is an important tool by which an individual is able to set and develop the steps for fulfilling its goal and objectives in his professional life. He is only responsible to build his own career. But there are certain things involves in career development which requires professional guidance for making decisions and planning of career more effective. It will help the individual to achieve its career goals in an efficient way. A person should start to build his career actions plans from a very early stage. This will help him to develop his employable skills. Various options arise while forming career actions plan. An individual explores each and every option very

The Limits of Amylase Essay Example for Free

The Limits of Amylase Essay Abstract This report explains the purpose of this experiment in a way that conveys information to the reader about Amylase’s ability to withstand acidic or basic pH. To do this, two test tubes were both filled with 5mL of a 5% amylase solution. The first one was filled with an acid, while the other was filled with a base. After dropping liquid Iodine and Benedict’s solution into each one, the tube with a basic pH tested positive for glucose. The acidic solution tested (mostly) negative for glucose, although there were trace amounts at the bottom. Overall, my conclusion is that only acidic solutions inhibit Amylase’s ability to digest starch. Background The goal of the experiment is to test whether or not Amylase can withstand abnormal changes in pH without denaturing itself. Salivary Amylase is an enzyme that acts upon any polysaccharide that enters the mouth (mainly starch). However, it has a few other clinical uses. It is used for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, and other medical conditions regarding Amylase levels in the body. Amylase’s first discovery in 1831 led to new experiments about this enzyme. By separating pancreatic Amylase from Trypsin, they were able to realize that it acted upon starch, breaking it down into a simple sugar, or monosaccharide. In the diagram (featured below), the active site of this enzyme contain three major acidic groups. These contain a calcium ion (the large gray sphere) , the chloride ion (the large green sphere), and the chain of five sugar units (in yellow orange). Previously mentioned, this enzyme will act upon starch and break it down into simple sugars. 2 Hypothesis If we expose Amylase to a variety of acidic and basic solutions to test whether it will still digest starch or not, then I think that it will denature both ways, because Amylase is normally intolerable to any pH above 8 or below 6. Materials and Procedures The following will be useful in this experiment: 20mL of a 5% Amylase solution 20mL of a 1% starch solution 8 test tubes At least 5mL of HCl At least 5mL of NaOH Hot plate Beaker full of water (for incubation) Liquid Iodine Solution Benedict’s Solution Follow this procedure: 1. In your first 4 test tubes, add the following solutions accordingly to each tube: -Test tube 1: 5mL of distilled water -Test tube 2: 5mL of the 5% Amylase solution -Test tube 3: 5mL of Amylase solution + 2-3 drops of HCl -Test tube 4: 5mL of Amylase solution + 2-3 drops of NaOH 2. Add 5mL of the starch solution into each tube. 3. Incubate each tube in the beaker of water for 30 minutes. The temperature should be 37 °C (98.6 °F). 4. After incubation, split half of all contents in each tube into 4 new tubes. 5. Insert 2-3 drops of the Iodine solution into the first set of beakers (the original 4). Then, insert 2-3 drops of the Benedicts solution into the second set of test tubes. 6. Record any color changes. 3 Results The first test tube (containing distilled water) was light brown when mixed with iodine, and blue when mixed with Benedict’s solution. The second test tube (5% Amylase solution) was light brown when mixed with iodine. It became orange when Benedict’s was added to the mix. The third test tube turned dark brown when the iodine was added. The other beaker with test tube 3’s contents remained blue when Benedict’s solution was added, although traces of Orange were found. The last test tube appeared Light Brown with the iodine mixed in (3 drops are always used), and appeared Orange when combined with the Benedict’s solution. Discussion Many of the test tubes ended up looking like I expected them to, except the fourth beaker. I had not expected that Amylase, under the influence of a very basic solution, could still act as a catalyst for starch. With a pH of  9 or higher, Amylase would normally denature itself. This could mean one of two things: Amylase is capable of functioning normally under a very high pH, or it could’ve been human error that led to this surprising result. To minimize chances of this happening again, assuming that this was human error only, would be to maximize the pH in the fourth beaker to 14 instead of 12, should a new lab arise, focusing on Amylase’s ability to withstand a high pH without getting denatured. Conclusion Overall, most of my results agreed with my notes and background knowledge about Amylase, apart from the difference in test tube 4. Like I predicted, the Amylase solution (tube 2) tested positive for simple sugars, the acidic solution denatured the enzyme, and the distilled water did absolutely nothing. Sources Dugdale, D. (2013, October 31). Amylase blood. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003464.htm (n.a.) Alpha- amylases. (2006, February 18). Retrieved from http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/download/Alpha-amylase.pdf (n.a.) Alpha amylase. (2010, January 29). Retrieved from http://science.marshall.edu/murraye/alpha_amylase.htm

Essay examples --

In the given constraints of Cost, Bulkiness and Portability we will design a smart phone based Fundus imaging device. Device application software will solve the more problem like: Automatic Glaucoma Detection and Image Enhancement problem so that its doesn't required trained user for operation. That will be possible by embedding the Optical(image capturing unit), Electronic (Microprocessor), Communication media(Wi-fi,Blue-tooth,Web etc) and Data base in a single device (Figure 2.1). This section will capture magnified fundus image in CMOS Camera. To make its possible by interfacing direct ophthalmoscope with CMOS Camera.Ophthalmoscope is an instrument that is use for examining the interior structures of the eye, especially the retina, consisting essentially of a mirror that reflects light into the eye and a central hole through which the eye is examined. Here it will interface device and human eye. We will used smart phone high resolution ($>$ 5MP) Camera for the same. Use a mobile phone holder (Rapid Prototype Model) to mount Mobile phone camera on ophthalmoscope. section{Image Accusation and Data management} Optical image of the fundus is converted into digital form by Mobile phone inbuilt Camera. Initially capture image/video is saved in local on board memory or SD Card. This section handles the data organization and management work such that we can easily find out any patient data.To organized data it will do flowing task: egin{enumerate} item{Create Folder whose Name is same Patient ID} item{Save Image/Video in that folder} item{Right and Eye Information is used to do file naming .} end{enumerate} section{Image Processing} This section will perform all the image processing task, that is widely separated into two ... ...paration of around 10 mm. The ophthalmoscope used provides an easy entry into the eye, together with a wider field of view to better observe eye conditions. paragraph{} The unit captures the fundus image in a JPEG format, which gets stored in the phone. The image is then processed for detection of its optical disk and cup, after which the respective areas are calculated to compute the CDR for setting up the threshold for the affected eye. The image processing operations as discussed above are inbuilt in the Android Application. paragraph{} The setup for capturing the fundus image of a person's eye using the developed system is shown in figure 2.2. The system is held very close to the person's eye to be detected for Glaucoma. The real time application on the phone displays the image. Also, it prints out the result in a format which can easily be interpreted.

Department of biology Essay

INTRODUCTION: Every cells of living organism contains genetic materials known as deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA. It can be isolated from tissue sample of living things by separating it from other cellular component in a manner that still preserves its structures. The structure of DNA is double-stranded helices that made up from the monomer of nucleotides. Each of the nucleotides composed of three parts that are the phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar backbone and also nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine). This nitrogenous base are arranged in sequence and holds the information and coding for controlling the physical trait that we all have as well as the regulation of our body. DNA extraction is simply a process that results in separation of DNA from the cells or viruses that are hosting it. Through the meaning is simple but the process is not. When we go into the peculiar details of DNA extraction, we realize that it’s more of an initial stage in other intensive DNA testing processes. DNA test could be performed for any reason; however for any DNA testing to happen the first stage normally is the isolation and extraction of DNA molecules from the cells that they reside in. DNA extraction follows a series of step, stripping all proteins from the DNA and the extraction protocols have to make sure that the DNA thus obtained via isolation and extraction is of high or acceptable quality. DNA isolation is a process of purification of DNA from sample using a combination of physical and chemical methods. Currently it is a routine procedure in molecular biology or forensic analysis. Primary structure consists of linear sequence of nucleotides that are linked together by phospodiester bonds. It is the linear sequence of nucleotides that make up the primary structure of DNA. Specific techniques must be chosen for isolation of DNA from some samples such as samples from microorganisms with thick cellular wall, for example yeast. Biological DNA represents the information which directs the functions of a living thing. A. Yeast DNA Extraction Materials : 1 packet of dry yeast, Sodium chloride, Meat tenderizer, Ice cold 95% ethanol, Sunlight detergent, distilled water, blender, graduate cylinders ( 10mL, 100mL and 500mL ), Beaker ( 250mL, 100mL ), glass stirring rod and wooden sticks, 15mL test tube, test tube rack, 1 ,l pipette and blue tips. Method: 1. 1 packet of dry yeast was mixed with 40ml of 50Â °C tap water. The yeast was stir to dissolve and the mixture was leave and covered for 20 minutes. 2. Salt/detergent solution was prepared by adding 40 ml detergent and 40g NaCl to 360ml distilled water. The solution was mixed till dissolved. 3. 5% meat tenderizer solutions were prepared by adding 5g of meat tenderizer to 80 ml of distilled water. The solution was top up to 100 ml with distilled water. *salt / detergent solution and meat tenderizer solution is prepared once for Part A, B and C. *alternatively, 5% meat tenderizer solution may be substitute with 100 ml of fresh papaya juice or pineapple juice. 4. 40 ml of yeast mixture and 40 ml of salt/detergent solutions was placed in a blender and was blended at high speed for 2 minutes. 5. The solution was pour into the beaker and 15ml of meat tenderizer solution was added. The solution was stir to mix. 6. The mixture was leave at room temperature for 5 minutes. 7. A cheese cloth was place over a filter funnel. The mixture was pour over the filter funnel and the clear supernatant was collected. 8. 3 ml of clear solutions was transfer into a 15ml tube. 9. The test tube was tilted to a 45 degree position. 3 ml of 95% ice cold ethanol was gently added to the side of the tube. 10. The test tube was leave undisturbed for 3-5 minutes. A layer will be formed in the tube. 11. DNA precipitate was formed at the interphase layer. A wooden stick was used to swirl the DNA out Result : Table A(i) : Yeast DNA Extraction B. Onion DNA Extraction Materials : Fresh onion, salt detergent solution, meat tenderizer solution, ice cold 95% ethanol, distilled water, blender, graduated cylinders (10 ml and 100 ml), glass stirring rod and wooden sticks, 15 ml test tube, test tube rack, 1 ml pipette and blue tips. Method : 1. The prepared salt/detergent solutions and meat tenderizer solution from part A was gathered. 2. 3 medium sized onions were cut into an inch cube and were placed in a blender. 3. 100 ml of salt/detergent solution was added in a blender. 4. The solution was blended at high speed for 2 minutes. 5. A cheese cloth was placed over filter funnel. The mixtures were poured over the filter funnel and the clear supernatant was collected. 6. The clear solution was transfer into a beaker and 30 ml of meat tenderizer solution was added. 7. The mixtures were leave at room temperature for 5 minutes. 8. 3 ml of clear solutions was transfer into a 15 ml tube. 9. The test tube was tilted to a 45 degree position. 3 ml of 95% ice cold ethanol was gently added to the side of the tube. 10. The test tube was leave undisturbed for 3-5 minutes. A layer will be formed in the tube. 11. DNA precipitate was formed at the interphase layer. A wooden stick was used to swirl the DNA out. Result : Table B(i) : Onion DNA Extraction C. Apple and Orange DNA extraction Materials : Fresh apple, fresh orange, salt detergent solution, meat tenderizer solution, ice cold 95% ethanol, distilled water, blender, graduated cylinder ( 10 ml and 100 ml ), glass stirring rod and wooden sticks, 15 ml test tube, test tube rack, 1 ml pipette and blue tips. Methods : 1. The prepared salt/detergent solutions and meat tenderizer solution from part A was gathered. 2. An apple / orange were cut into an inch cube and were placed in blender. 3. 100 ml salt/detergent solutions were added in a blender. 4. The solution was blended at high speed for 2 minutes. 5. A cheese cloth was placed over filter funnel. The mixtures were poured over the filter funnel and the clear supernatant was collected. 6. The clear solution was transfer into a beaker and 30 ml of meat tenderizer solution was added. 7. The mixtures were leave at room temperature for 5 minutes. 8. 3 ml of clear solutions was transfer into a 15 ml tube. 9. The test tube was tilted to a 45 degree position. 3 ml of 95% ice cold ethanol was gently added to the side of the tube. 10. The test tube was leave undisturbed for 3-5 minutes. A layer will be formed in the tube. 11. DNA precipitate was formed at the interphase layer. A wooden stick was used to swirl the DNA out. Result : Table C(i) : Orange DNA Extraction Table C (ii) : Apple DNA Extraction RESULT ALL OF EXPERIMENTS: Sample Extraction Amount Apple Success Large Onion Success Small Orange Success Small Yeast Success Small DISCUSSION: Based on our experiment discussion, we obtained that the difference amount of DNA extraction from yeast, onion, apple and orange is different. The amount of apple DNA extraction is larger than onion, orange and apple DNA extraction. Each step of the process will help in a certain way to extract DNA, until we are finally successful in the end. In the yeast, extraction, the ethanol will be able to separate the DNA and it will float between the less dense ethanol and the denser homogenizing mixture. In the onion DNA extraction, the chloroform and homogenizing medium will help break down the cell membranes and the ethanol like in the yeast DNA extraction. It will cause the DNA to separate and be suspended in the interface between the two solutions. It will be same to apple and orange DNA extraction. The precaution step on this experiments we tilt 45Â º to add the ethanol. This is because it will form a layer on top of the sample because the ethanol is less than water. So, it does will be on the top of layer. We also used 50ï‚ ° of hot water in yeast solution. Its will formed the best of result because hot water is the optimum temperature for yeast. We also obtained about perceptions step why only clear solution produced in these experiments. Its means the extraction was failed. CONCLUSION: REFERENCES: http://www.whatisdna.net/dna-extraction.html http://classic.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb5/Labs/DNA_Extraction_Lab/dna_extraction_lab.html#predictions http://sciencehk.weebly.com/lab-reports.html ANSWER AND QUESTION: Answer all the questions. 1. Describe the functions of following: a. Applying blender to sample and salt/detergent solutions Strain the DNA mixture. b. Salt Salty water helps the DNA precipitate (solidify and appear) when alcohol is added. c. Detergent Detergents are used to break down cell walls and nuclear membranes to release the DNA. They work by chemically poking holes in the cell membranes or walls. Once holes are poked in the membranes, the membranes can be further distrupted mechanically, as with a blander. After that, it’s easier to get the contents of the cell out, including the DNA, d. Meat tenderizer solutions Meat tenderizer acts as an enzyme. The DNA in the nucleus of the cell is moulded, folded, and protected by proteins. The meat tenderizer cuts the proteins away from the DNA. e. 95% ice cold ethanol Having ice cold ethanol only increases the rate of precipitation of DNA and helps increase yield of DNA. It can either use room temp or ice cold ethanol for DNA precipitation. Think about precipitation of a super concentrated solution as you decrease the temperature. As the temperature decreases, the amount of precipitation increases. Overall temperature affects solubility. As temperature decreases the substance becomes more insoluble (in general. this does not apply to every molecule). So, ice cold EtOH allows for more DNA to interact together and allow for a more rapid and efficient precipitation of DNA. 2. Compare the reliability amount of DNA obtained from all the samples. The reliability amount of DNA obtained from apple is much larger compared to Reliability amount of DNA from onion, orange and apple. 3. Write out the principle involved in DNA extraction. – Break open cells by mashing the fruit. – Dissolve organelles and cell membranes with detergent. – Separate DNA from proteins with salt – Filter out the clumps with a coffee filter – DNA precipitates in cold alcohol and is spooled out.

Different Aspects of Women

In Bram Stoker’s novel, Dracula, Stoker portrays many different aspects of women’s roles in the nineteenth century. Women had a strictly defined role within the era; there was no thought of equality, no thought that women could liberate themselves sexually. Stoker uses women in this novel to critique against women’s liberation. Stoker’s portrayal of women makes the novel seem like a fantasy. Women are primarily objects of delicate beauty who occasionally need to be rescued from danger. In the novel Mina Murray is the embodiment of Victorian virtue in which she is loyal, earnest, innocent, and dependent of her husband.Stoker creates another character, Lucy Westenra who is completely opposite of Mina. Lucy is embodies the desire of women who want to liberate themselves. Only Mina shows any considerable strength or resourcefulness. Lucy is primarily two-dimensional victim, picture of perfection who is easy for Dracula to prey upon. Mina is not most noteworthy for her physical beauty like Lucy. Mina’s sexuality remains mysterious throughout the whole novel of Dracula. Even though she gets married, she never gives voice to anything resembling a sexual desire or impulse, which enables her to retain her purity.Stoker creates suspense about whether Mina will be lost like Lucy. Throughout the novel, Mina portrays what women are expected to do in the society. In the beginning of the novel, Lucy is much like Mina. She is a paragon of virtue and innocence, qualities that brings three suitors to her. Lucy differs from Mina in one aspect, she shows her sexuality. Lucy’s physical appearance captivates each of her suitors, and she displays comfort or playfulness about her desirability that Mina never feels.Stoker amplifies this faint whisper of Lucy’s insatiability to a monstrous volume when he describes the undead Lucy as a wonton creature of ravenous sexual appetite. With Stoker’s concern with female chastity and virtue , it is hard to imagine him granting his female characters the degree of sexual freedom. Lucy’s wounds suggest a virgin’s first sexual encounter. She escapes into the night and is penetrated in a way that makes her bleed. â€Å"As she looked, her eyes blazed with unholy light, and the face became wreathed with a voluptuous smile†¦She still advanced, however, and with a anguorous, voluptuous grace, said: ‘Come to me, Arthur. Leave these others and come to me. My arms are hungry for you. Come, and we can rest together. Come, my husband, come! ’ There was something diabolically sweet in her tones— something of the tingling of glass when struck— which rang through the brains even of us who heard the words addressed to another† ( Stoker 227). This threat becomes reality as Lucy, now a blood and sex starved vampire, does her best to lure her fiance into eternal damnation.Lucy is the first to fall under Dracula’s spell because she displays comfort or playfulness about her desirability that Mina does not show. Stoker also describes her as the â€Å"loose† woman, she isn’t conservative as Mina and she loves all the attention from her suitors. Lucy also falls under Dracula’s spell because Dracula has this charm that attracts Lucy making her have strong desire for Dracula. Lucy shows that she has sex appeal and that she has desirability for men; and it made her an easy target for Dracula, knowing she will give in when he approaches her.

Free Essays on The House Of Seven Gables

â€Å"The sympathy or magnetism among human beings is more subtle and universal than we think; it exists, indeed, among different classes of organized life, and vibrates from one to another. Loosely based on the events of Hawthorne’s own life, The House of the Seven Gables attempts to show the suffering of descendants forced to repent for the sins of their â€Å"father†, while they are unknowingly renewing the curse by nurturing the ancestral greed that has passed through the generations. Thus the various themes of the novel reflect the central idea of continued sin through the greed and guilt of a declining family. Each generation struggles to escape the sins of the past, only to be thrust forcefully back to face the offenses of their forefathers. The House of the Seven Gables is a tale of loneliness and greed caused by the sin of preceding generations. The opening of the novel is set in puritan times during the Salem witch hunts. The villainous Colonel Pyncheon wrongly accused the innocent Matthew Maule of witchcraft so that the Maule land would fall into the Pyncheon family’s hands. Upon his death, Maule â€Å"addressed [Colonel Pyncheon] from the scaffold, and uttered a prophecy...God will give him blood to drink". The physical wrongdoing of Colonel Pyncheon against Matthew Maule was avenged at the former’s death, with the curse being fulfilled. However, the essence of the crime lived on through the generations. By chapter two, the focus of the novel has shifted to the modern generations of the Pyncheon family. The family has severely declined since the Colonel’s time, yet the curse of greed is as strong as ever. The remains of the family consist of a decrepit spinster named Hepzibah, now the caretaker of the house of the seven gables; her insane brother Clifford, who was just recently released from prison; their devilish cousin Judge Jeffrey, a man fixated upon his own greed; and their distant... Free Essays on The House Of Seven Gables Free Essays on The House Of Seven Gables â€Å"The sympathy or magnetism among human beings is more subtle and universal than we think; it exists, indeed, among different classes of organized life, and vibrates from one to another. Loosely based on the events of Hawthorne’s own life, The House of the Seven Gables attempts to show the suffering of descendants forced to repent for the sins of their â€Å"father†, while they are unknowingly renewing the curse by nurturing the ancestral greed that has passed through the generations. Thus the various themes of the novel reflect the central idea of continued sin through the greed and guilt of a declining family. Each generation struggles to escape the sins of the past, only to be thrust forcefully back to face the offenses of their forefathers. The House of the Seven Gables is a tale of loneliness and greed caused by the sin of preceding generations. The opening of the novel is set in puritan times during the Salem witch hunts. The villainous Colonel Pyncheon wrongly accused the innocent Matthew Maule of witchcraft so that the Maule land would fall into the Pyncheon family’s hands. Upon his death, Maule â€Å"addressed [Colonel Pyncheon] from the scaffold, and uttered a prophecy...God will give him blood to drink". The physical wrongdoing of Colonel Pyncheon against Matthew Maule was avenged at the former’s death, with the curse being fulfilled. However, the essence of the crime lived on through the generations. By chapter two, the focus of the novel has shifted to the modern generations of the Pyncheon family. The family has severely declined since the Colonel’s time, yet the curse of greed is as strong as ever. The remains of the family consist of a decrepit spinster named Hepzibah, now the caretaker of the house of the seven gables; her insane brother Clifford, who was just recently released from prison; their devilish cousin Judge Jeffrey, a man fixated upon his own greed; and their distant...

Content and Function Words in English

Content and Function Words in English Each word in English belongs to one of the eight parts of speech. Each word is also either a content word  or a function word. Lets think about what these two types mean: Content Words vs. Function Words Content information, meaningFunction necessary words for grammar In other words, content words give us the most important information while function words are used to stitch those words together. Content Word Types Content words are usually nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. A noun tells us which object, a verb tells us about the action happening, or the state. Adjectives give us details about objects and people and adverbs tell us how, when or where something is done. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs give us important information required for understanding. Noun person, place or thingVerb action, stateAdjective describes an object, person, place or thingAdverb tells us how, where or when something happens Examples: Nouns Verbs house enjoy computer purchase student visit lake understand Peter believe science look forward to Adjectives Adverbs heavy slowly difficult carefully careful sometimes expensive thoughtfully soft often fast suddenly Other Content Words While nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are the most important content words, there are a few other words that are also key to understanding. These include negatives like no, not and never; demonstrative pronouns including this, that, these and those;  and question words like what, where, when, how and why. Function Word Types Function words help us connect important information. Function words are important for understanding, but they add little meaning beyond defining the relationship between two words. Function words include auxiliary verbs, prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and pronouns. Auxiliary verbs are used to establish the tense, prepositions show relationships in time and space, articles show us something that is specific or one of many, and pronouns refer to other nouns. Auxiliary verbs do, be, have (help with conjugation of tense)Prepositions show relationships in time and spaceArticles used to indicate specific or non-specific nounsConjunctions words that connectPronouns refer to other nouns Examples: Auxiliary Verbs Prepositions do in has at will though is over has been between did under    Articles Conjunctions Pronouns a and I an but you the for him so us since ours as she Knowing the difference between content and functions words is important because content words are stressed in conversation in English. Function words are non-stressed. In other words, function words are not emphasized in speech, while content words are highlighted. Knowing the difference between content and function words can help you in understanding, and, most importantly, in pronunciation skills. Exercise Decide which words are function and content words in the following sentences. Mary has lived in England for ten years.Hes going to fly to Chicago next week.I dont understand this chapter of the book.The children will be swimming in the ocean this time next week.John had eaten lunch before his colleague arrived.The best time to study is early in the morning or late in the evening.The trees along the river are beginning to blossom.Our friends called us yesterday and asked if wed like to visit them next month.Youll be happy to know that shes decided to take the position.I wont give away your secret. Check your answers below: Exercise Answers Content words are in bold. Mary has lived in England for ten years.Hes going to fly to Chicago next week.I dont understand this chapter of the book.The children will be swimming in the ocean at five oclock.John had eaten lunch before his colleague arrived.The best time to study is early in the morning or late in the evening.The trees along the river are beginning to blossom.Our friends called us yesterday and asked if wed like to visit them next month.Youll be happy to know that shes decided to take the position.I wont give away your secret.

Social Meaning of Vampires Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Meaning of Vampires - Essay Example Eighteenth century can be bestowed with the credit for promoting the vampire phenomena after tons of vampire superstitions flew into Western Europe. However, it was Bram stoker’s vampire novel by the name of Dracula that greatly popularized the modern vampire superstition. When questioned about the image of Vampires or Dracula to be more precise, plentiful of people will be of the opinion that Vampires are nothing but tall, dark and handsome men dressed in a long white or black cape and have blood flowing out of their mouths like a river. Others think that Vampires are young, gorgeous, sensual and young women who seduce people, men mostly, in their beds at night and then succeed to suck their blood. This wide realm of opinions proves the very noticeable fact that the social meaning of vampires and the cultural meaning of vampires significantly fluctuate from one area to the other, one region to the other and one continent to the other. To begin with, in ancient Babylonia, people faithfully believed that there existed a female vampire popularly known as Lilu and Lilu was seen feeding and nourishing the pregnant women and at times the newborn babies in that region. On the other hand, in Slavic regions, the residents of that area believed that vampires took birth due to a collection of reasons and some of those reasons were offensive burial rituals and practices and dying an â€Å"unnatural death. (Vampires: The Origin of the Myth by Adrian Nicholas McGrath) In this increasingly modernizing world, as science and technology advances with every passing second, several cultural interpretations exist revolving around vampires. Various cultures and societies place unique concentration and even more distinctive interpretation to these deadly creatures. However, there exists an overlapping section where one can find some of

The Transformation Model of Commnication in Cotrast to Transmission Mo Essay

The Transformation Model of Commnication in Cotrast to Transmission Model - Essay Example Communication takes place when a sender encodes a message and sends it through the communication channel which can be affected by noise or some sort of interferences. When the intended recipient receives and decodes the message then the intended person may or may not provide feedback as a result. The communication process completes once the intended receiver is able to decode or understand the sender’s message (Littlejohn, 2008). The transmission model of communication is a model which is designed for reducing communication to a process of transmitting information. This approach is also known as an informational approach to communication. This model was presented by Shannon and Weaver in 1949 which was discussed in detail by Chandler on one his text (Sudakshina). The transmission model consists of the following five elements: Any noise which interferes with the traveling message is a dysfunctional element which can either be internal or external. Internal noise arises from the receiver’s knowledge, attitudes and beliefs whereas external noise is which comes from other sources. These internal and external noises can strengthen the intended message or in other words, can weaken the intended effect. The alternatives to the transmissive models of communication are transformational or constructive approaches. These perspectives are designed in order to construct a meaningful message by initiators and interpreters rather than just simply transmitting (Werner Joseph Severin, 2001). Transformative Communication is an approach which is a creative communication process in which people are challenged, empowered and inspired to change belief systems and behaviors. All these transformations are done for facing challenges, discover prospects and opportunities in a changing environment. Transformative Communication is used to support daily activities, peace, conflict resolution, empowerment, healing and more. (Swartz, 2008) Transformative Communication was developed by  Marshall Rosenberg with the sole intention of creating peace through speech and communication.

Discuss the interpretation of the First Industrial Revolution as an Term Paper

Discuss the interpretation of the First Industrial Revolution as an Industrious Revolution - Term Paper Example The industries that were in charge of production at that time were not creative enough to offer a variety of goods and services from which to choose, thus the industrious revolution began because of the increase in demand for the consumer products that would satisfy families of the time. Consumers were not only focused on the change of taste, but they were also concerned about the provisions of goods for a different class, that is, regular goods and highly sophisticated goods within the society. The demand was also based on sex. Males and females in different careers were concerned with different demands that would show a difference in the society depending on their biological nature. The textile and automobile industries were the most affected as the demand for high-quality clothes and machinery was great. The speedy growth of the population in towns and cities also increased the demand for food production. Families were looking not only for the provision of food but also the quality of food. Therefore, the demand for quality food was a major concern that was driving the industrious revolution. The great demand from the consumer was increasing pressure on industry. The owners of the industries were responding by allocating more work to the labourers so that they could produce more goods. The need to produce more goods and meet the ultimatum of the consumers led to the onset of the industrial revolution. This revolution occurred when the factory workers started to realise that they were working so hard, but their salaries were not increasing. Therefore, the workers began to demand higher pay. The industrialists, on the other hand, were not willing to add a penny to their workforces (Soule). Since there were no proper laws protecting the labourers, they were humiliated by their bosses and sometimes they were forced to work. The force used can be tracked to the servitude

Continuous Improvement in Software Development

Continuous Improvement in Software Development The above principle concerns the close, daily collaboration between business people and customers is an important one for Agile as it ensures the usability of the product and consequently quality of work to fulfil the customers requirement in the best way possible (Cohn, 2005). The principle reflects the agile value of customer collaboration over contract negotiation. Schwaber (2004) highlights the importance of this principle as during the last decades with the increasing complexity of IT project, developers and customers have been drifting apart due to unsuitable methodologies that obstruct effective customer collaboration. Requirement collection following this agile principle goes beyond the requirement collection of traditional project management methodologies (Cobb, 2011). Beck (2000) suggests that when using XP, there should always be a customer on site to be able to answer all arising questions instantaneously. Customers often have different or no expectations from a project which emphasizes the need of close collaboration to detect any discrepancies (Cohn, 2005). Cohn (2005) further argues that through daily meetings changing requirements originating in rapidly evolving business environment can be addressed immediately and realignment of the strategy and deliverables is possible. However, the practice of daily customer meetings was not achievable during the wiki project; nonetheless, the team was able to consult with the customer frequently through email and very short response times allowed areas of unclarity to be resolved promptly. This close collaboration was often used to clarify small details in the requirements to increase the customer satisfaction through implementing change request without delay. When this principle is applied cautiously and thoroughly, a high level of trust can be developed between the two parties involved (Schwaber, 2004). Highsmith (2009) further argues that trust is a very important issue to be valued as it enhances the team cohesion and quality of collaborative work. This is supported by the experienced Group Green has made during the wiki project. During iteration 1 and 2, all requirements have been comprehensively discussed and clarified within the team and with the customer during iteration planning and initial customer consultation. After the team has started developing the iterations product, the customer was consulted again to resolve any remaining unclarities. Through this practice of close collaboration the quality of the product was at a very high level which was reflected through the outstanding feedback from the customer. However, during iteration 3 this high level of cooperation with the customer was neglected by the team which was been reflected in the iteration review meeting. The customer was not as satisfied with the product as in the previous two iterations, because the team failed to fulfill the customers requirements and specifications. In the subsequent iteration it was the Scrum Masters top priority to involve the customer again in more detail to enhance communication and idea exchange, removing impediment between the customer and the development team as suggested by Schwaber (2004). To adhere and to apply this principle might be one of the most valuable lessons learned in this project, as the close collaboration ensures a high quality of work and subsequently high customer satisfaction. The principle of sustainable development relates to the aim of developing the product in a constant pace without any perks in development velocity. Sustainability has a great significance, as the whole process of agile development is aimed to be a sustainable approach (Augustine, 2005). Poppendieck and Poppendieck (2003) note that companies which have adopted lean thinking have achieved a significant sustainable performance improvement. Stellman and Greene (2014) highlight that the breaking down of the whole project into smaller more manageable chunks facilitates the process of determining realistic durations of every story point or piece of work that is to be developed. The ability of estimating realistic durations enables the project team to give accurate predictions of the development time of the whole product. This supports a very steady flow of product development and the team can work in a constant and sustainable pace (Cohn, 2005). In software development, this constant flow leads to a higher quality of code and fewer inconsistencies in the source code. In consequence, less time is needed to address bug fixing, which make the whole concept more sustainable and viable (Cohn, 2005). Bug fixing, improving flaws and making corrections often lead to a higher work load for the project team and consequently lowers the motivation and increases the stress the team experiences. The stress primarily results from the still existing deadline at the end of the short iteration which still needs to be met, despite the amount of required re-work. Cohn (2005) further stipulates that over time, the customer realises and acknowledges the high quality, which subsequently enables trust to be developed between the customer and the project team. Cobb (2011) further points out that all team members, not just developers, need to keep pace with each other throughout the whole duration of the project. In agile development, the iterations prevent team members to step in or out of the project in different phases. As a result, the development of the product is much more fluent, as all team member can built up trust and develop a high team cohesion (Cobb, 2011). Cohn (2005) further argues that this can lead to a higher motivation for the project team as they feel empowered and are more willing to achieve better results. Whitworth and Biddle (2007) conclude that agile planning reduces tensions and conflicts and the consecutive development of small tasks promotes motivation in the team, which altogether which leads to an overall quality improvement. In practice, Team Green has experienced the value of this principle, however, not in as much detail as in real-life practice. The project was already divided into weekly iterations, which established the grounds of sustainable development. However, the team experienced the value of dividing the whole project deliverables into smaller parts as this practice greatly improves transparency and clearness of what requirements need to be fulfilled and how this can be achieved. The internally agreed deadlines did not drastically change during the whole project duration. This way the team was able to realise a routine of weekly development, which greatly helped and supported in developing a high-quality product. Trust among the team has been developed at the same time, which facilitated the sustainable development. An important lesson learned in this regard is the necessity of splitting the workload and thoroughly planning durations of the single pieces of work. This greatly benefits a sustainable, constant pace of development and consequently increases the product quality and customer satisfaction. The last agile principle states that the team should regularly reflect on how to become more effective and adopt their work processes accordingly. Through the alignment of the overall approach and the strategy of development, the project team aims to increase the quality baseline of the developed work. Stellman and Greene (2014) note that it is important to include retrospectives to evaluate and assess performance to figure out ways on how to become more effective in future projects. This retrospective should not be limited to one meeting at the end of a project but should be implemented immediately when any possible improvements are recognised. According to Beck (2000) the project team should use daily stand up meetings to get discuss any areas of general development improvement. If this is not possible, the team should try to incorporate a retrospective at least after finishing every iteration (Smith and Upton, 2015). Cobb (2011) elaborates on this in saying that sprints in agile a re generally much shorter than the development duration of traditional approaches, which facilitates the reflecting process. The concept of continuous improvement is linked to lean software development and based on the Kaizen philosophy and re-engineering approach to heighten the standard of status quo to achieve better quality products (Bond, 1999). Kaizen and re-engineering philosophy were originally deduced from operational management in logistics, but can be applied to other improvement processes such as Agile product development. Typically, the improvement process can be divided into four consecutive stages: 1. maintaining process status quo 2. process improvement 3. process re-engineering 4. achieving process stability. Group Green applied this principle during most of the wiki project. In the first two iterations, the team held one retrospective at the end of each iteration to identify areas of improvement and ways to implement more agile principles than the ones that were already used. This practice lead to a high quality of product and customer satisfaction. However, during iteration 3 this principle was neglected and the team did not pursue the strive of further improvement. This was reflected in reduced customer satisfaction in comparison to the previous iterations. In response, the team decided to add an additional retrospective reflect on how to further improve their development process to retrieve the higher quality standard and customer satisfaction of previous iterations. Based on this positive experience of reinforcing this principle it was agreed that an additional retrospective is being held at the end of the wiki project to ensure a high quality of final assignment report. Reflecting t he whole development process, it can be said with certainty that lessons learned includes the necessity of consequently applying this principle. Only by doing so, the prerequisite is fulfilled to continuously deliver high quality products and achiever customer satisfaction.

Essay --

Eileen Furnish Soc 343 Assignment #1 2/15/2014 The women I decided to interview is my boyfriend’s great-aunt Mary J. Spletter. I selected Mary J. Spletter because she has inspired and helped guide women through breast cancer. I also selected her because at the age of 25 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and she still remained positive and strong. I’m currently 25 years old and it made me realize not to take things for granted and to always stay positive regardless of what situation your in. I’m interviewing Mary in The Bellevue Club on the shores of Lake Merritt in Oakland, CA. This historical building has breathtaking views of Lake Merritt and a local bird sanctuary. We decided on this place because Mary is a member here. She also enjoys the rich history, having meals and takes swimming classes here. We decided to do the interview over lunch in the main dining room, which had high ceilings, marble flooring, and floral long curtains. This club was a former women’s social club and had a style of the 1920’s. Mary was born in Appleton, Wisconsin. While growing up she lived with her mother, her brother and youngest sister. Her father was in the military and eventually left them and moved to California. She lived a pretty good childhood, she attended church every Sunday and she was always interested in reading and writing. While growing up she saw her mother struggle to support 3 children but her mother was always strong and positive. Mary knew she wanted to do something with her life that inspired others and she knew that her writing could take her there. She also in enjoyed French and took many classes in high school and college. She graduated from University of Wisconsin, Madison with a Bachelor’s of Science in Journalism in ... ... Mary publish a book on breast cancer but she also counseled women who were going through breast cancer and undergone mastectomies. Her book has changed many lives and has opened our eyes on new procedures and treatments. Before dating her great nephew, my mother was also a breast cancer survivor who received Mary’s book â€Å"A Women’s Choice† and many other books on battling breast cancer. Even though Mary’s book was already outdated (my mom had breast cancer 14 years ago), my mother was able to gain knowledge on the certain points Mary explained in her book, it kept her mind off the chemotherapy she was doing and it also helped her stay positive. Mary J. Spletter wanted to help other women and share her story to the world since there weren’t many resources out there. She continues to mentor women and travels to speak with women about her personal experiences.

Changing Hr Practices in Cable Co

Changing HR practices in Cable Co Case study Table of Content 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 2. Problem diagnosis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 3. Data collection and analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 4. 1 Problem #1 – Human Resources planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 4. 2 Problem #2 – Performance Management System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 4. 3 Problem #3 – Recruitment and Selection processes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 4. Proposed Solution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5. 4 Human Resources planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 5. 5 Performance Appraisal System†¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 5. 6 Recruitment and Selection process†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 References List†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Appendix 1 – The 4 stage Leadership Model Appendix 2 – Performance Appraisal form Appendix 3 – Giving Feedback Tool 1. Introduction This case study is based on Ca bleCo which is a joint venture between an Australian corporation AuzCo, and two Chinese organizations Post Bureau and PTA. The purpose of this report is to help the company to diagnose the problem, after research of the company’s background information, identify its causes and offer a solution.This new Australia and China joint venture is located in an Economics and Development Zone about 47 km from the downtown area of Tianjing, a well-developed industrial city in China. The main products of the joint venture are telecommunications and various other kinds of communication cables. The Company has 184 employees in total; most of them 60% (113) are employed in the Production Department, as it is the most important functional part of CableCo. The Company’s mission is expressed â€Å"to produce quality products, provide first-class service to customers and guarantee reliable delivery. The Company’s business strategy is to continuously develop new products, improve the quality of goods, reduce costs, and manage its human resources efficiently and strengthen management control. Implementation of the company’s strategy depended strongly on effective employee performance and management control (Zhu, Case Study A). The telecommunication sector in China where CableCo operates has undergone rapid development. There has been a steady growth in the total number of phones in China.Because of this reason, the cable industry in China has attracted many domestic and international investors. As supply exceeds demand in this market segment, it is more difficult maintain key employees. The CableCo management team has realized that improvements in efficiency and effectiveness had to be achieved through better utilization of its human resources (Zhu, Case Study A). 2. Problem Diagnosis After the initial meeting with the client it is found that the company’s authenticity is rather low in regards to managing their human resources.Although Cable Co realizes that its employees are the most valuable asset they have, the company still has a lot defects and inefficient processes in the HR management area. The key problem that the company is concerned about is how to improve effectiveness and efficiency of the Human Resources management that is the most important area in a highly competitive market. Cable Co is in danger to lose their image as a good quality product manufacturer because of uncertain business development strategy and employee internal dissatisfaction within a growing competitive market.The Management consultant’s main objective would be to assist the company in changing its HR practices and processes in order to improve Cable Co’s Human Resources Management and to enable effective operation in the highly competitive market within a multicultural working environment. A Structured model (Issue tree) enables us to see Cable Co’s situation more clearly. Using this model it would also facilitate in r ecognizing main causes and find the best ways for possible solutions for company’s problems (Fombrun and Nevins, 2004). Inefficient Human Resources Management Problem #2Defects in performance management system Job analysis/Performance appraisals Bonus system Problem #3 Recruitment & Selection Candidate database Selection Methods Problem #1 Organization’s Structure & HR Planning Short-term oriented HR planning To keep a stable workforce 3. Data collection and analysis In order to analyze the situation within Cable Co, data collection had been processed. There were two basic data collection approaches used – deductive and naturalistic. To gain a more detailed overview of the company’s situation the 4 stage leadership model is used.Structured interviews with each leadership team member were conducted. Also questionnaires based on employees’ current job satisfaction, understanding of job requirements and a rewards system were used in the data collectio n process. The work environment observations and interactions between managers, supervisors and employees along with the organization’s documents were an important information source during analyzing the situation in Cables Co. Based on previously constructed issue tree model, the main problem and its causes can be stated: 3. Problem #1 – Human Resources Planning * Organization’s Structure A lot of Chinese companies are operating under strict control of the government. There are unclear and different views between Chinese and Australian managers at Cable Co. Common ground rules and guidelines should be introduced. Currently some leading positions and responsibilies are overlapping or two positions are held by the same person. * Short-term oriented HR planning Both management parties (Chinese on one side, Australian on the other side) have different approaches to business development.To evaluate the demand for new employees the company uses its forecasted product ion needs, based on the market situation. Also data from AuzCo Australian are used as a standard to formulate the staffing needs in the production department. It seems that staffing needs analysis is more affected from how it is done in the West than in China, although it should be based more on China’s market situation. Obviously judgmental forecasting is used to forecast the company’s future employment needs this means that managers and other people within the company decide on staffing requirements. Gully, M. , Phillips M. 2009) There is no research data of Cable Co’s target market in China, and this causes management uncertainty and different opinions where the company is going and in which direction they are supposed be heading? Without knowing the company’s goals, it is very difficult for the managers to agree on a common staffing strategy. * Unstable workforce High turnover in locally recruited employees make it difficult to keep workforce stable w hich affects the effectiveness of the company which reflects badly on HR recruitment.Intensifying competition in employment market, gives a lot of opportunities for employees to seek employment elsewhere. This would have an impact on Cable Co’s productivity as production workers are one of the key employee groups in the company. 3. 2 Problem #2 – Performance Management System * Performance Appraisal system After conducting research interviews with production workers, it is understandable that the company’s performance management system had many defects that reduce its effectiveness. Effectiveness of the existing performance management system in Cable Co is very doubtful for the reason listed below:Key performance criteria for both managerial and non-managerial employees are the same. Appraisal performance results have been kept confidential from the evaluated employees. Evaluations made upon appraiser’s daily observations and individual judgments, make th e current system very subjective and results do not have validity. The company currently doesn’t have job analysis for most of its positions, which makes it really hard to evaluate the employees’ performance or to explain what are the main responsibilities and tasks for a position. Bonus System Currently there is no bonus system in the company. The previous system was used more to avoid potential conflict between employees and lost its function as a motivational tool. The bonus system based on defected performance evaluation process fails and decreases employees satisfaction. Operating in such a highly competitive market, it is essential to have motivated employees, and tools that help to keep them engaged. 3. 3 Problem #3 – Recruitment & Selection * Applicants databaseBecause the company does not have a common computerized database for all applicants, the recruitment process for every new position is more costly and more time consuming. Previous unsuccessful ca ndidates and interview records might be useful for the next recruitment project, but it is difficult to find this information without a database. * Candidate selection There are no common guidelines for the department managers to use when conducting the recruitment process, no selection criteria that would be based on and aligned with the company’s business strategy. 4.Proposed Solution To make changes in the organization’s structures, systems or processes managers should have support from people working within the organization otherwise it will be impossible (Fombrun and Nevins, 2004, p. 209). It is suggested that inefficient Human Resources Management system in the company can be improved by more effective HR planning, a reviewed performance management system and recruitment and selection processes. 4. 1 Solution #1 – Human Resources Planning 1. Organize meetings between Cable Co Board of directors, General Manager and Executive Manager.The objectives for this meeting should be: * To review company’s goals and business strategy; * To identify and review all Cable Co target market segments; * To organized repeated market research to evaluate domestic (China) market demand for their product; * Based on research, reformulate the company’s business development strategy; * Management team should always be present, especially if the company put such a great emphasis on management control in its business strategy and product quality. Formulate Human resources strategy aligned with business development goals that will enable to plan the company’s people resources more efficiently. A previously mentioned problem is that the company is unable to offer accommodation for its employees should be seriously reconsidered. * Review employment offer package – concentrating on accommodation facilities for employees other than those from the local area. * That way company’s candidate pool would be extended, that can increa se the best applicant attraction and give the company a competitive advantage. Organize a team to conduct accommodation market research; * Revise the company’s opportunities to offer accommodation or a housing allowance for their employees. * This will expand the company’s candidate pool and stabilize the workforce and turnover. 4. 2. Solution #2 – Performance Appraisal System â€Å"Employee Performance Management is a process for establishing a shared workforce understanding about what is to be achieved at an organization level. It is about aligning the organizational objectives with the employees' agreed measures, skills, competency requirements, development plans and the delivery of results. (http://www. peoplestreme. com/what-is-performance-management. shtml, 20/05/2012) It is essential to make sure employees know what the positions key requirements are for high performance are. It is hard to maintain or try to achieve any performance level if the employee is not aware what the key aspects they have been evaluated for are. It is recommended to revise key performance criteria for managerial and non managerial positions in the company. These key areas for both types of employees should be formulated in the positions job description.When conducting job analysis, human resources personnel should consider the company’s business strategy. In this case the company pursues cost leadership and differentiation strategies. This kind of business usually requires a workforce who are adaptable, efficiency oriented, trainable and willing to follow standardized procedures (Gully, M. , Phillips M. 2009). Firstly, it is suggested to determine key performance criteria for managers and all other employees, and show those in their job description. Job analysis, which include important aspects of a job and characteristics a worker needs to do it well (Gully, M. Phillips M. 2009) should be conducted for each position in the company. Job descriptions should be received by each employee on the day they sign the employment contract with the company. That way the employee clearly understands the company’s requirements for high performance and key performance criteria for their positions. Secondly, a new performance appraisal form should be developed (Appendix 1 – Performance Appraisal form), which allows matching the key performance criteria from the job description for different positions.An evaluation process should still be conducted from the top to the bottom, but it is important to have open communication and feedback on the results after employee evaluation. Employees won’t improve if managers or supervisors won’t give them honest and constructive feedback on their previous performance against the key criteria. As this is a new thing for supervisors and managers, it is recommended to set up guidelines on how to give constructive feedback about an employee’s performance (Appendix 2 – G iving feedback model). It is also advisable to process 360 degree feedback for company’s managers and supervisors.This would give managerial team a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses and an insight on how others perceive them. Also provide an opportunity to adjust behaviors and develop skills that will enable them to excel at their jobs (http://www. custominsight. com/360-degree-feedback/what-is-360-degree-feedback. asp, 12/05/2012). A bonus system should be developed for key areas of the company such as Marketing and also Production Departments. It is also recommended to create an incentive plan for all employees if the company has reached its goal at the end of the year (for example, specific amount of sales or profit).That way all employees would feel rewarded, because everyone has contributed to improve productivity, profitability and to keep the organizations’ competitive advantage. Employee performance appraisal form results should also be tak en into consideration when building the bonus system. It should be based on sales results for the Marketing department and productivity and quality for the Production department employees. The company should consider a yearly bonus implementation for all employees if an annual target has been reached.A bonus system is a great motivational tool that means more motivated employees, better work engagement, improved productivity and product quality, which help the company to gain better profitability. 4. 3 Solution #3 – Recruitment and Selection process * Candidate Database It is recommended to invest in the company’s development by creating a computerized HRM system, which includes all previous applicants and records on current employees. Included information on TeleCo employees would be a great source for Cable Co further recruitment processes.In this HRM system the company could also create talent inventories – detailed records that summarize each employeeâ€℠¢s skills, competencies, and qualifications (Gully, M. , Phillips M. 2009, p. 126. ). This can be used as a very helpful tool in filling in future vacancies and also developing succession management in the company. * Recruitment and Selection If the company keeps involving line managers and supervisors in Human Resources processes, the selection and recruitment guidelines for management and supervisor’s team should be developed.It is important to have a formal instructions, and processes to follow when selecting, attracting, assessing and deploying employees (Gully, M. , Phillips M. 2009). Supervisors have to be competent to explain to the new employees what the key areas of the position are and what level of performance is expected from them. This information would be easily found in the job descriptions for each position, based on job analysis and performance appraisal reviews. These recommended changes will help Cable Co’s leadership team to improve the Human Resour ces management in the company and increase management control over organization’s processes.Reference List Gully. M, Phillips M. (2009). Strategic Staffing (2nd ed. ) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Fombrun. J, Nevids D. (2004). The Advice Business. Essential Tools and Models for Management Consulting, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Warner J. (2002) The Janus Performance Managament System: A Complete Performance Management Support Process for Individuals, Teams and the Entire Organization (Volume I), HRD Press Zhu J. C. Organizations Development and Change. Changing HR practices in China – Cable Co. Case Study A PeopleStream Pty. Ltd. Performance management. Retrieved from http://www. peoplestreme. com/what-is-performance-management. shtml Custom Insight. com. 360 Degree Solutions. Retrieved from http://www. custominsight. com/360-degree-feedback/what-is-360-degree-feedback. asp Business Balls, Performance Appraisal forms. Retrieved from http://www. businessballs. com/performanceappraisals. htm